Atypical Bong - a blog on Life and Perspectives
Winter solstice: Google doodles the first day of winter
winter is here!
It's first day of winter solstice
and Google marked it with a colourful animated knitting doodle on its homepage.
December 21 is the shortest day of the year and the longest night of the year in the Northern Hemisphere. The winter solstice usually occurs on either December 21 or December 22.
During the winter solstice in the Northern Hemisphere the sun is the farthest south. The winter solstice occurs on June 21 or 22 in the Southern Hemisphere when the sun is the farthest north.
The solstice happens twice in a year, during summer and winter. On a solstice the sun is at its greatest distance from the celestial equator. During the summer solstice days are the longest and nights shortest and the opposite of this happens on the winter solstice.
MD Community Medicine, 10 years Questions
Follow me on instagram:
Yesterday while checking my mail, I saw one of my Co-PGTs from AIIHPH had shared the 10 years Questions of Community Medicine.
DEMOGRAPHY, FAMILY PLANNING, MATERNAL & CHILD HEALTH, ADOLESCENT & GERIATRIC HEALTH
LONG QUESTIONS
2012
1) Adolescent girls in India require special attention---discuss. Elaborate briefly on the various programs for the welfare of this group of population. AFMC 856, PARK 548, SA 154.
2) Mention common geriatric health problems. Outline the Govt initiatives to tackle the geriatric health problems in India. AFMC 887, PARK 549, SA 709, SK 710.
2011
1) What is the social pathology of maternal mortality in India? Write down a protocol for improvement of maternal mortality ratio in a block. AFMC 814-15, 818-24. PARK 516, 520.
2) Discuss the policy of equity & quality issue in addressing adolescent problems & reducing MMR.
2010
1) Write down a protocol for an intervention to improve Birth preparedness & Complication readiness in a block.
2) Discuss in brief the demographic transition in India. How does it affect the epidemiological transition of diseases in community? ---explain with examples. AFMC 892.
2009
1) What is Maternal and Perinatal Death Inquiry Response (MAPDIR)? Discuss new initiatives to reduce maternal and perinatal death in India. PARK 521-22.
2007
1) What are the health problems of adolescents? Mention the spectrum of psychiatric problems among them & probable reasons. Suggest measures for prevention of these problems.
2) Discuss the demographic transition in India. How does it influence the epidemiological transition of the diseases? Give examples.
2006
1) Describe how will you counsel an unmarried, pregnant adolescent girl, who comes to you for consultation. SA 48.
2005
1) What is adolescence? Enumerate health problems during this period. Suggest the components & approaches for adolescent health care.
2) What are the health problems of the geriatric population? Give an elaborate plan of a health care service for old people at the Block level through primary health care.
3) Discuss the health problems of the ageing population in India. Suggest measures for its improvement.
2004
1) You have been asked to find out the birth wt of newborns in a PHC area. Mention 5 important factors responsible for LBW. Mention criteria to measure the birth wt & also these factors. Prepare a questionnaire/schedule for this survey. PARK 495.
2) What are the characteristics & their significance of changes of sex ratio in India? Give your comments.
3) Home based mother’s cards---a passport of comprehensive maternal care----discuss.
2002
1) Enumerate causes of under 5 mortality & maternal mortality in WB. Suggest a feasible plan of action taking into consideration of community development. AFMC 848, PARK 530.
2) Discuss the impact of socio-cultural values on health of elderly population in the 21st century. Discuss briefly the health care of elderly in developed & developing countries.
2000
1) Exclusive breast feeding is essential for healthy physical & mental development of children----express your views. PARK 497, AFMC 829.
2) Comment on the effects of population increase in a developing Nation like India.
2001
1) Discuss the geriatric health problems. Draw a district action plan of geriatric health care.
1999
1) Mention major geriatric health problems prevalent in India. Suggest Health & Welfare measures for elderly population.
2) Express your views on Adolescent Health Needs & scope of its practice.
1998
1) Pregnancy is special---justify the statement. Discuss the present strategy for safe motherhood in India. Put forward your suggestions for safe motherhood at community level.
1994
1) Discuss the various factors leading to Juvenile Delinquency & the role of child guidance clinics. AFMC 862, PARK 540, 544.
SHORT NOTES
2012
1) Syndromic management of lower abdominal pain in females.
2) MAPEDIR is an important tool for addressing MCH problems---explain.
3) Socio-cultural determinants of maternal & child health.
4) Strategies for geriatric health care.
2011
1) Case management process of diarrhea in IMNCI.
2) Role of legislation in demography.
3) Women’s empowerment.
4) Effects of social security of a country on the fertility pattern.
5) The importance of PNDT Act.
6) Injectable contraceptives.
7) Literacy & demography.
8) Demographic transition.
9) Infertility---an upcoming threat.
10) Women’s health vis-à-vis gender discrimination---comment.
2010
1) Ayushmati scheme.
2) Case management process in IMNCI.
3) Evidence based practices in obstetric care.
4) Maternal mortality rate vs Maternal mortality ratio.
2009
1) Kishori shakti yojona.
2) Postpartum contraceptives.
3) Demographic transition.
4) Risk taking behavior of adolescents.
5) PNDT Act, 1994.
6) Demographic characteristics of India.
7) Breast feeding options for HIV/AIDS mothers.
8) Emergency contraception.
9) Social marketing.
2008
1) Indicators used for measuring the breast feeding practices of new born.
2) Social marketing.
3) Fertility indicators.
4) Unmet need for family planning.
5) Hormonal contraceptives.
6) Juvenile delinquency.
2007
1) Birth weight of new born.
2) Long action contraceptives.
3) Essential obstetric care.
4) Violence against women---trends & responses.
5) Impact of declining sex ratio. Role of public health professionals.
6) Causes of maternal mortality. How community based transportation helps in reduction of maternal mortality?
2006
1) Adolescent vaccinations.
2) Demographic trap.
2005
1) Kangaroo mother care.
2) Female feticide.
3) Prevention of LBW.
2004
1) What are the scopes & difficulties of social marketing?
2) Juvenile delinquency.
2002
1) Emerging issues in women’s health & rights.
2) Family life education.
2001
1) Social marketing.
2) Anemia in children & its prevention & control.
3) Child labour.
1999
1) Exclusive breast feeding influences health status of baby as well as mother----explain.
1997
1) Concept of child to child program.
2) Female condom.
3) Mortality, fertility & gender bias in India.
1994
1) Breast feeding counseling.
2) Birth spacing.
1993
1) MTP Act, 1972.
ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION, URBAN HEALTH, BIO-MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT & DISASTER MANAGEMENT
LONG QUESTION
2011
1) Environmental pollution is now being increasingly recognized as a major threat to man’s health--- discuss the statement critically. NOTE, AFMC 710.
2) Discuss the current & emerging issues of environment, which have adverse effect on health. Briefly outline preventive measures. NOTE, AFMC 710.
2009
1) Discuss the various consequences of Global climate changes during recent years on human health. Suggest measures to mitigate it. NOTE, AFMC 710.
2) Define & classify disasters. Develop a plan for disaster management in a district. AFMC 389.
3) Describe the problem of Arsenic in drinking water in WB & public health measures undertaken to tackle the problem.
2008
1) What are the indicators of water pollution? Classify water borne diseases. How will you survey the quality of drinking water collected from a river? Briefly mention treatment of river water which is only source of drinking water to a community of 5000 population. AFMC 660, 653, 661. PARK 621, 622, 635(Biological exam, Chemical surveillance).
2005
1) Which is the public health significance of urban poor? Write down the salient characteristics of their health status. AFMC 601, PARK 715.
2) Name the important diseases associated with bio-medical wastes. What are the precautions used to be taken by the health workers for prevention of hazards associated with it?-Discuss. SA 728.
2004
1) What is Health Care Associated Infection? What measures do you suggest for its prevention & control? Specify the measures for treatment & disposal of health care wastes. SA 728.
2) Enumerate important urban health problems in India. Prioritize with justification. Discuss the role of Indian population project VIII in urban health care.
3) Discuss in detail hospital waste management.
2000
1) Arsenic in drinking water is a health hazard------discuss.
1994
1) Reviewing the major natural disasters in the South Asia region in the recent years, discus the strategies you like to adopt for managing health sector preparedness & response programmes against disasters. PARK 703.
SHORT NOTES
2012
1) Total sanitation campaign.
2) Water quality surveillance.
3) What are the strategies recommended for vaccine waste management?
2011
1) Inputs for improving problems of urban slum dwellers.
2) Urbanization & its hazards.
3) Planning of biomedical waste disposal in a BPHC.
4) Indira Awas Yojona.
2010
1) Biomedical waste management in a CHC.
2009
1) Total sanitation campaign. SA 251.
2) Biomedical waste management in a secondary hospital.
3) Water quality surveillance.
2008
1) What are the recent changes in strategies, approaches & organization for disaster management? SA 723 (Organization).
2) What is the meaning of urban poor? What are the health service packages for them under different urban development projects? SA 636.
3) Water seal latrine. PARK 663.
4) What are the health impacts of global warming? SK 850.
2007
1) Meaning, significance & status of emergency preparedness & response. PARK 700.
2) Hospital waste management---current status & actions to be taken up.
3) Environmental issues to be addressed in health city plan.
2006
1) Indoor air pollution & health. PARK 643.
2002
1) What safety measures should be followed at family level before, during & after earthquake? PARK 705.
2001
1) Disaster management in industrial sector. PARK 356.
2) Arsenicosis.
1994
1) Any one water borne chemical disease. PARK 621.
2) Oxidation pond. PARK 670.
EPIDEMIOLOGY, BIOSTATISTICS & RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
LONG QUESTIONS
2012
1) Write a detailed protocol to elucidate the association of Htn & tobacco use. AFMC 141.
2) Design a study to assess the knowledge, attitude & practice regarding emergency contraceptives among reproductive age group of women of a block. AFMC 145.
3) Discuss scopes & limitations of qualitative research. Discuss diff qualitative research methods. AFMC 209.
2011
1) Bias & error of epidemiological study------discuss. AFMC 113, 115.
2) Discuss process & development of a questionnaire in epidemiological research. AFMC 119.
2010
1) What is ecological study? Difference between ecological & epidemiological study. AFMC 138.
2) Difference between elimination & eradication. PARK 90.
3) Discuss methods of qualitative research in health. What is the importance of FGD in collection of qualitative data for public health programme?
2009
1) What is epidemiological surveillance? What is its role in eradication of communicable diseases? SA 294.
2007
1) What are the steps in conducting case control study? ----Discuss in detail.
2) Discuss about the use of critical appraisal of research evidence in clinical decision making & creating health care policies. AFMC 202.
2006
1) What are the differences in clinical trial & community based trial? What is clinico-epidemiology? How does it differ from epidemiology? Give examples. AFMC 152.
2) Write down step by step the 30 cluster sampling for immunization coverage evaluation survey. Give examples if necessary. SA 351.
2005
1) ‘Epidemiology is meant for information’-------justify the statement. What is the purpose of its use? Explain with examples. Mention the epidemiological indicators used to estimate magnitude of any disease. Give examples. AFMC 66. SK 242.
2) What is epidemiological surveillance? Give examples. What is its role in control/eradication of communicable diseases? Explain with examples.
2004
1) What is experimental epidemiology? How does it differ from analytical epidemiology? Illustrate with examples. AFMC 151.
2002
1) What is Lot quality assurance sampling technique? What are its assumptions? Mention the steps of this technique for evaluation of immunization coverage of children. SA 353.
2001
1) Design a case control study for identifying risk factors of Htn in community. AFMC 141.
2) Discuss the meaning & importance of epidemiological surveillance. Describe commonly used methods of surveillance for communicable diseases.
2000
1) Design an epidemiological study to find out possible association between HIV & TB. AFMC 141.
2) With reference to analytical epidemiology discuss following----
· Biases in case control study. AFMC 143.
· Criteria to evaluate causal association. SK 262.
1999
1) What is epidemiological surveillance? Discuss the current status & limitations of disease surveillance in India. SA 299.
2) Mention different types of bias in experimental study. Explain with illustration different types of experimental study designs to minimize occurrence of such bias. AFMC 151, 153.
3) You have been asked to undertake health survey in district. How will you decide sample size & sampling design? Mention steps for planning & organization of such survey. AFMC 172. SA 354.
1998
1) Describe different types & sources of bias & errors in analytical & experimental studies. What are the measures to prevent these problems?
2) Discuss the role of surveillance in health programmes giving suitable examples.
1997
1) Discuss briefly epidemiological study designs for testing of hypothesis on cause-effect relationship of diseases. Mention different types of bias & errors & ways to prevent them.
2) What are the scopes of epidemiological survey? Describe the steps involved in planning & organization of epidemiological survey for evaluation of immunization programme in India.
3) Discuss the role & strategies of surveillance in health programmes giving suitable examples.
1996
1) What are different types of clinical trials? Design a research methodology for vaccine efficacy trial. AFMC 154.
1994
1) Discuss the role of epidemiology in health services. AFMC 66.
1993
1) Discuss the methods to control confounding in design & analysis of analytical epidemiological studies. AFMC 113.
SHORT NOTES
2012
1) Randomization & blinding. PARK 78, 79.
2) Likelihood ratio. AFMC 164.
3) Parametric tests of significance. SK 650.
4) Migrant studies.
5) Steps of critical evaluation of a published paper.
6) Likert scale. SA 47.
2011
1) Cross over clinical trial. AFMC 157.
2) Snow ball sampling.
3) How to study statistical fallacies in articles?
4) Confounding variables. AFMC 113.
5) Factors that increase the predictive value of a screening test. AFMC 162.
6) Uses of descriptive epidemiology. SK 252.
7) Epidemiological bias.
8) Meta analysis is a pillar of evidence based medicine---describe.
9) Purposive sampling. SA 353.
10) Errors of numerator interpreting various indicators of morbidity & mortality.
11) Informal consent. AFMC 206.
12) Qualitative research is a backbone of BCC.
13) Verbal autopsy. SA 298.
14) Key informant interview. AFMC 211.
15) Medical ethics. AFMC 208.
2010
1) Retrospective/prospective cohort study. SK 255.
2) Criteria for judging causality.
3) Net sensitivity & net specificity.
4) Steps of critical evaluation of a published literature.
2009
1) Multivariate analysis. Dixit 183.
2) Blinding in randomized control trial.
3) Ethical issues in epidemiological research.
4) Kappa statistics. Dixit 215.
5) Sample size.
6) Lot quality assurance sampling.
7) Confounding.
8) Diagnostic test evaluation. AFMC 160.
9) Nested case control study. AFMC 149.
10) FGD. AFMC 211.
2008
1) Standardized mortality rates. SK 246.
2) Epidemiological transition.
3) How will you derive sample size of RCT? AFMC 153.
4) Good clinical practice in the content of biomedical research.
5) Methods of qualitative research.
2007
1) Randomized control trial. AFMC 153, SK 259.
2) Meta analysis.
3) Criteria for judging causality.
4) Screening & diagnostic test. PARK 123.
5) Ethical guidance for biomedical research.
2006
1) Birth & death registration in India. PARK 743.
2005
1) What are the principles for application of statistical significance tests in epidemiological studies? SK 650.
2004
1) What is the meaning of testing of hypothesis? Give examples. SK 650.
2) What are different types of bias & error in epidemiological studies?
2002
1) What is the necessity of qualitative research? Give examples of such research methods.
2001
1) Epidemic curve. SK 249.
2) Population census. PARK 743.
3) Medical ethics.
4) Focused group discussion.
2000
1) Sequential analysis. AFMC 169.
2) Null hypothesis. SK 649.
1999
1) Screening tests. AFMC 168.
2) Proportional hazard model.
1998
1) Criteria of screening tests.
1997
1) Statistical probability. SA 355.
1996
1) Standardization of rates.
1994
1) Cluster sampling technique-----its advantages & disadvantages.
1993
1) Sequential & non sequential clinical trials.
2) Importance of biological plausibility to assess causal association.
3) Factors which can increase the positive predictive value of a screening test.
4) Sampling. SK 643.
5) Statistical averages. AFMC 227.
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
LONG QUESTIONS
2007
1) Discuss the modes of transmission of HIV. What are the important management issues in relation to prevention & control of HIV/AIDS?
2006
1) What do you know about the epidemiology of Avian Flu? What measures are advocated to prevent & control the disease?
2) Write briefly the factors leading to resurgence of KALA-AZAR in India. Discuss the management of KALA-AZAR in treatment of failure cases.
3) Compare the magnitude of problem, fatality, disability & social consequences of PEM, Malaria, leprosy & IDD.
2005
1) Discuss the epidemiology of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. Write in brief the criteria for clinical diagnosis of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever & its control measures.
2) Name Arboviral diseases prevalent in India. Write in brief control measures of any one of them.
2004
1) Discuss the emerging infectious diseases. Critically analyze the prevention & control of any one such disease.
2) Briefly mention the achievements of India in control of communicable diseases. What are the shortfalls? Comment on the priorities among the current status of these diseases.
3) Discuss the epidemiology of Filariasis.
4) Discuss the epidemiology of various types of viral hepatitis. Outline the preventive & control measures of Hepatitis B.
2002
1) Enumerate the existing & emerging zoonotic problems. Discuss the strategies adopted for their control.
1998
1) Discuss the epidemiology of viral hepatitis B. Outline the preventive & control measures of Hepatitis B.
1997
1) Discuss the epidemiology of KALA-AZAR in India. Briefly outline its clinical management & measures for its control.
1996
1) Discuss the epidemiology of viral hepatitis A. Critically review the measures available for prevention & control.
1994
1) Write in brief the safety measures to be adopted in outbreak of a communicable disease with special reference to plague outbreak in India.
2) Discuss the prospects of AIDS vaccine.
1993
1) How will you set up HIV sentinel surveillance in your state?
SHORT NOTES
2012
1) J.E. vaccine.
2) Blood safety.
3) Behavioral aspect of HIV/AIDS.
2011
1) Epidemiology & control of Swine Flu.
2) Control of Visceral Leishmaniasis.
3) Rota-viral vaccine.
4) Emerging diseases.
5) Emerging vaccines.
6) Epidemiological tools used to measure situation of Leprosy in India.
7) Protective measures to be taken during surgery of a HIV patient including disposal of the dead.
8) Women are at risk of HIV infection-----explain.
9) Genetic sequencing in poliomyelitis.
2010
1) Problems encountered in contribution of research of Dengue vaccine.
2) Entomological surveillance.
2009
1) Role of zinc in diarrheal management.
2) Emerging diseases.
3) Universal precautions.
2008
1) Haemophylus influenza vaccine.
2) Role of BCG in protection against Leprosy.
3) OPV/IPV/both----critically evaluate the importance of the strategy for eradication of poliomyelitis.
4) Integrated vector management.
2007
1) Surveillance of hospital acquired infections.
2) Screening of HIV.
2006
1) C virus hepatitis.
2) Blood transfusion safety.
3) 5 important impacts of AIDS in society.
2005
1) Haemophylus influenza vaccine.
2) Varicella vaccine.
3) Strategies for elimination of neonatal tetanus.
4) Write down the problems encountered in research of AIDS vaccine.
2004
1) Mention the vector, causative agents & host characteristics of 2 important Arbovirus-B infections prevalent in India.
2) Enumerate the emerging & reemerging infectious diseases in India.
3) Write briefly the current status of HIV/AIDS vaccine.
2002
1) Bio-terrorism.
2) Siliguri fever.
3) Integrated vector control.
2001
1) Problem of monkey bite in urban areas & its management.
2) Post exposure prophylaxis of HIV.
2000
1) BCG as a diagnostic test.
1999
1) Methods that can be used for control of Mansonides in India.
1998
1) Oral typhoid vaccine.
1996
1) Control of Rheumatic fever & Rheumatic heart disease in primary health care.
2) Outreach centers.
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
LONG QUESTIONS
2008
1) Discuss the types, causes & prevention of mental illness.
2006
1) Obesity---a worldwide epidemic---Discuss.
2004
1) Discuss the epidemiology of cancers in India.
2) Discuss the epidemiology & control of drug addiction.
2002
1) Discuss the role of nutritional factors in causation of Coronary Heart Diseases.
2) Describe the epidemiology of Road Traffic Accidents & suggest its control measures.
1998
1) Discuss the steps involved in the management of a Coronary Artery Disease containment programme in an urban area with 1.5 million populations.
1994
1) What do you mean by Drug Abuse? Discuss the factors responsible for drug dependency amongst youth in the community.
1993
1) Oral health for a healthy life-----discuss the role of preventive approach in achieving oral health in a developing society.
SHORT NOTES
2012
1) Obesity is a challenge for public health today---discuss.
2) Genetic counseling.
3) Drug dependence & drug abuse.
2011
1) Non communicable diseases are becoming a burden for India---discuss.
2) Genetic load.
3) Mental disorders are increasing day by day---discuss.
4) Emotional quotient.
2010
1) Ca cervix screening in community level.
2) Genetic counseling.
3) Common mental disorders in geriatric population.
2009
1) Epidemiology of tobacco use in India.
2) Dependency producing drugs.
3) Epidemiology of deafness.
4) Methods of screening of common cancers among women in India.
2008
1) Preventive & social measures in chromosomal diseases.
2) NCDs--- an emerging challenge in developing countries--- explain the statement.
2007
1) Screening of metabolic syndrome.
2) Genetic counseling.
3) Criteria for screening mental health problems.
4) Ill effects of tobacco & public health challenges in tobacco control.
2006
1) Risk factors in stroke.
2) Early detection of cervical cancer.
3) Oral health care for aging population.
2005
1) Post traumatic stress syndrome---meaning, significance & management.
2) Genetic counseling.
1999
1) Role of diet towards prevention of cancer.
1996
1) Assessment of obesity.
HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM
LONG QUESTIONS
2012
1) Describe the health care delivery system in India. What are the strengths & weaknesses of the system?
2011
1) Sir Joseph William Bhore envisioned the primary health care component of public health in India-----it is still a challenge in delivery of health care issues.
2010
1) What do you mean by Health Sector Reform? Discuss in brief the different strategies to achieve Health Sector Reform at community level.
2009
1) Define primary health care. Enumerate the principles & components of primary health care.
2005
1) What is health care? Give your important points differentiating from medical care. Write in brief the levels of health care.
1999
1) Discuss the role of Multi Purpose Health Workers (female) in preparing SC action plan.
1998
1) Enumerate the levels of health administration from the district to the extreme periphery. Discuss one of these levels in detail.
1997
1) Administrative lacunae & remedial measures in peripheral health services.
1996
1) Discuss the concept of regionalization of health services in relation to the 3 tier system of health administration. Analyze & present its long term advantages.
1993
1) What is primary health care? Discuss the principles & infrastructure support to implement the programme effectively.
SHORT NOTES
2012
1) IPHS for PHCs.
2) Role of local self-Govt. in health development.
2011
1) Intersectoral coordination is the essence of a successful programme---discuss with an example.
2) AYUSH.
3) Community participation.
4) Quacks---a boon or a threat?
2009
1) IPHS for CHCs.
2) Characteristics & activities of NGO in health care delivery system.
1998
1) Laboratory services in India.
1994
1) Health service coverage.
HEALTH EDUCATION & MEDICAL EDUCATION
LONG QUESTIONS
2011
1) The public relation officer is of immense importance in the hospital set up. How do you propose to train this specialized manpower to improve health care delivery? NOTE.
2010
1) Prepare a curriculum on Applied Epidemiology for UG Medical course, considering all feasible teaching-learning methods. NOTE.
2009
1) What is communication process? Describe its components. How would you plan & implement a health education programme for HIV/AIDS in rural community? PARK 757, AFMC 624.
2008
1) What are the possible media of health communication for outreach area? Comment on the merits & demerits of the different media. Which health messages are commonly found in TV & radio? PARK 765.
2006
1) What is education? What modification do you suggest in defining educational objectives, teaching-learning process, formulation & application of evaluation system in medical education to satisfy the development of both clinical skill & social need? NOTE.
1999
1) How will you proceed to develop a structured module for undertaking integrated teaching on the topic of diarrheal diseases for the medical undergraduates? NOTE.
1997
1) Write down the role of communication in primary health care. Mention the strategies & contents of communication for control of HIV/AIDS in India. PARK 759, SA 51.
1996
1) Plan & organize KAP survey for assessing the health education services of child health care programme in a district. AFMC 172.
1993
1) Discuss the basic planning skills for health education in primary health care. AFMC 624.
SHORT NOTES
2012
1) Problem based learning. SA 33.
2) Mass media & its limitations & potentials in health education. PARK 768.
3) OSCE/OSPE. NOTE.
2011
1) What are the principles of counseling at an ART centre? Briefly discuss client satisfaction. SA 48.
2) SWOT analysis of Community Medicine curriculum in UG course.
3) Barriers of communication. PARK 759.
4) Specific instructional objectives. NOTE.
2010
1) Principles of adult learning.
2) Health education vs health propaganda/publicity. PARK 762.
3) Role of behavioral science in public health.
2009
1) Microteaching..
2) Difference between IEC & BCC. Give examples. AFMC 619, 621.
3) What is pedagogy? What is SIOS? Draw the educational spiral & indicate its components.
4) Sociogram. SA 39.
5) Transaction analysis. .
6) SWOT analysis of UG Community Medicine training.
2008
1) What is educational spiral? Explain its components.
2005
1) What are the essential characteristics of learning objectives in medical education?
2004
1) What is course curriculum? What are the steps of curriculum planning?
2002
1) Pedagogy. SA 33.
2001
1) School health education. SA 41.
2) Role of behavioral sciences in health management.
3) Participatory learning action technique.
2000
1) Focused group discussion.
1999
1) Learning objectives in medical education.
1998
1) Outreach of channels of communication. PARK 758.
2) Health behavioral research.
1996
1) Functional objectives in medical teaching.
1993
1) Methods & media used in health education programme. PARK 765.
2) Integration.
HEALTH PROGRAMMES & POLICIES IN INDIA
LONG QUESTIONS
2012
1) What are the indicators for assessing Malaria situation in a region? Discuss the objectives & strategies adopted under National Anti Malaria Programme in India. JK (NEW) 364, JK (OLD) 317.
2011
1) The knowledge, attitude, behavior & practice regarding HIV/AIDS need a lot of improvement. Outline a health education programme to increase this KABP & also how to evaluate whether the programme has had any effect, AFMC.
2) Discuss the current status of National Poliomyelitis Eradication Programme, highlighting the management problems encountered in making India polio free. JK (NEW) 185.
3) Critically review the RNTCP programme. How will you evaluate the programme at district level? JK (NEW) 265, 251.
2010
1) Discuss on the barriers of measles eradication including recent strategies adopted by WHO. JK (NEW) 176.
2009
1) Mention the limitations of the ongoing disease surveillance programme. JK (NEW) 425.
2) Discuss the initiatives undertaken under NRHM to revitalize Primary Health Care in India. JK (NEW) 96.
3) Discuss the critical input required to improve effectiveness of ICDS in light of recent evaluations. JK (NEW) 446.
4) Describe National Mental Health Programme & discuss its implementation at district level. JK (NEW) 487, 488.
2008
1) What are the indicators for assessing Malaria situation in a region? Discuss the objectives & strategies adopted under National Anti Malaria Programme in India.
2006
1) Discuss briefly on the scope & necessity of PPP in RCH programme indicating specific types of activities. JK (NEW) 217.
2) Critically comment on NRHM & the previous attempts of improving health care in India. JK (NEW) 120, 69.
2005
1) Mention the limitations of the ongoing disease surveillance programme.
2) Community needs assessment & participatory learning for action in Family Welfare Programme-----Discuss. JK (NEW) 222.
3) Discuss the strategy for Health for all by 2000 AD. JK (NEW) 8, 29.
4) Critically review different National Policies on nutrition intervention within especially vulnerable groups. JK (NEW) 682.
2004
1) Mention at least 5 important issues of RCH programme on which IEC is essential. Design a protocol for evaluation of IEC activities on any of these issues of RCH programme at PHC level.
2) Mention suggested guidelines of inventory control for RCH programme in a SC area. JK (NEW) 220.
3) What are the salient features of National Filariasis Control Programme? JK (NEW) 375.
4) Discuss the National Health Policy’2002, with reference to administrative, organizational & involvement of Panchayet in rural health care. JK (NEW) 620.
5) What are the activities of School Health Programme? Discuss its strength & weakness. What additional inputs have been suggested in this programme? JK (NEW) 578.
6) Discuss RNTCP. How will you evaluate this programme at district level? JK 228.
2002
1) Discuss the surveillance activities in the context of Polio eradication programme.
2) What is vision 2020? Discuss the steps taken in India for its achievement. JK (NEW) 471.
2001
1) Critically review the current approaches to combat Malaria in urban areas. Suggest a suitable plan of action for control of Malaria in a metro city like Calcutta. JK (NEW) 362, 341.
2) Discuss about the new initiatives & approaches of health care in the 9th 5 yr plan (1997-2002). JK (NEW) 64.
3) Critically review the National Population Policy & give your suggestion for its implementation in context of your state. JK (NEW) 638.
2000
1) TB is declared a global emergency by WHO. In this context discuss the following:-
a) Status of primary resistance & acquired resistance to ATDs.
b) Causes of drug resistance & its detection.
c) HIV & TB. JK (NEW) 245, 249, 252.
1999
1) What are the components of community need assessment programme? JK (NEW) 222.
2) Discuss in detail the surveillance programme for AFP. JK (NEW) 186.
1998
1) Comment on the status of 2 National Health Programmes currently opening in India & their inherent strength & weaknesses.
2) Review the existing policy of the control of nutritional anemia, identifying gaps & constraints. Suggest measures to strengthen the National Programme for anemia control in pregnant & lactating mothers, adolescent girls & children. JK (NEW) 455.
3) Enumerate National nutritional programmes of India. Critically review the IMCD scheme. JK (NEW) 440.
4) Critically discuss the National Health Policy of India in the context of Health for All by 2000 AD. JK (NEW) 628.
1997
1) Discuss the basis of health administration as applied to National TB control programme. JK (NEW) 251.
2) Discuss the epidemiology of IDD. Discuss the activities of NIDDCP. JK (NEW) 475, 477.
3) What is community obstetrics? Discuss the shifting of CSSM to RCH. X.
4) Critically review the school health services in India & suggest for its improvement with justification.
1996
1) Discuss with examples the inter-relationship between the National TB control Programme & socio-economic development. JK (NEW) 237.
2) What are the various indices used in Filaria control programme? Write recent developments in Filaria control programme. JK (NEW) 373, 375.
3) Mention the services in the package of CSSM programme. Discuss the surveillance system in this programme. JK (NEW) 141, 222.
4) What is population policy? Briefly describe the National Population Policy of India. JK (NEW) 638.
1994
1) Critically review the implementation of NIDDCP in India. JK (NEW) 481.
2) Timely referral of obstetric emergencies is a key factor for safe motherhood----comment on the issues & strategies under safe motherhood programme. JK (NEW) 151.
1993
1) Discuss the revised strategy under Modified plan of operation for control of Malaria & explain the role of surveillance in it. JK (NEW) 335, 343.
SHORT NOTES
2012
1) DOTS-plus.
2011
1) National drug policy on Malaria, 2010.
2) Adult literacy programme.
3) Halt & reverse the HIV epidemic-----initiatives & achievements to meet MDGs & objectives of NACP-III.
4) Surveillance in poliomyelitis.
5) Recent advancements in organizational techniques in National Family Planning Programme.
2010
1) System analysis of ICTC.
2) Intersectoral co-ordination in IDSP.
3) DOTS plus recent strategy.
4) JNNURM.
5) Current status & future strategies of NIDDCP.
6) Critical review of National Mental Health Programme.
2009
1) Recent changes in guidelines in RNTCP.
2) Vision 2020.
3) Health needs assessment.
4) National drug policy on Malaria, 2008.
5) MDR-TB.
6) Present status of epidemiological activities of National Measles Control Programme.
7) ICDS.
8) ICTC.
2008
1) Measles surveillance.
2) National Population Policy.
2007
1) NRHM----a reality or rhetoric? -----comment.
2) Current strategies for eradication of poliomyelitis.
3) Paradigm shift in RCH.
4) RNTCP.
5) HIV & MDR-TB.
6) National drug policy on Malaria, 2007.
2006
1) 5 important aspects of shift from RCH-I to RCH-II.
2) Role of NACO in prevention of AIDS.
3) Global school based student health survey (GSHS).
2005
1) Goals & objectives of National Health Policy.
2004
1) How will you evaluate National IDD control programme?
2) Compare between IXth & Xth 5 year Health plan with reference to their targets & priorities.
3) Phase II National AIDS Control Programme.
4) Roll back Malaria.
2002
1) Evaluation of Leprosy elimination campaign in India.
2001
1) Revised strategy of Filaria Control Programme.
1999
1) DOTS in TB control programme.
2) Paradigm shift in FP programme in India.
3) Health survey & development committee.
1998
1) AFP surveillance.
1997
1) National Population Policy of India.
1996
1) HIV & TB.
1994
1) IEC strategies in AIDS prevention. JK (NEW) 316.
2) Monitoring activities of ICDS programme. JK (NEW) 449, 50.
3) Management of plasmodium falciparum malaria during pregnancy.
1993
1) National AIDS control programme in India.
HISTORY OF PUBLIC HEALTH, CONCEPT OF HEALTH & DISEASE, & SOCIAL SCIENCE
LONG QUESTIONS
2011
1) Cultural, socio-economic & behavioral determinants having impact on health. What are the methods of assessment of some determinants? ----discuss. PARK 19, 24.
2009
1) What is the meaning of family health? What are the constraints & opportunities of family physician? Suggest measures for improvement of family health care. NOTE.
2) What is socio-economic status? Discuss merits & demerits of various methods to determine the SES in India. SK 679.
3) Define public health. Mention the similarities & difference between clinical diagnosis & care and community diagnosis & care. Give examples. SA 64, 9-12.
2008
1) Write down the concept of risk factors & its measurements. What is the significance of risk approach? SA 288, SK 540.
2007
1) Discuss----Robert Koch---the detection of V.Cholerae in Kolkata 1883/1884 & future challenges in hygiene. AFMC 12, SA 480.
2004
1) What are the determinants of health status of a population? Discuss influences of socio-economic development & health programmes on health status of population. ---illustrate with suitable examples. PARK 19. SK 682.
2001
1) Comment on impact of socioeconomic development on health status in India. SK 682.
2) What is primordial prevention? Discuss in detail with special reference to non communicable diseases. PARK 38.
2000
1) What is social wellbeing? Discuss the usefulness & limitations of social classifications in assessing health & disease of a community. SA 60, PARK 603.
1996
1) What is social classification? What are limitations of it? In what way social classification is useful in study of health & disease? PARK 600.
1994
1) Discuss the role of family practice in the achievement of Health for All by the year 2000.
1993
1) Discuss on your knowledge about Natural History of Diseases. Discuss with examples the levels of prevention. PARK 32, 38.
SHORT NOTES
2012
1) DALY. AFMC 32.
2) Dependency ratio. SK 591.
2011
1) Human development index. SK 7.
2) Risk transition.
3) Social audit for community action. PARK 586.
4) Indicators of hospital efficiency. PARK 26.
2010
1) Contribution of Maxcy in epidemiology.
2) Social medicine vs socialized medicine. SB 12.
3) Dynamics of social change. PARK 585.
4) Social physiology vs social pathology. SK 682.
2009
1) Contribution of John Snow in public health. AFMC 11.
2) What is social medicine & social therapy? Explain with disease specific examples. SB 19.
2008
1) Rehabilitation. PARK 41.
2) Community diagnosis. SA 9.
2007
1) Milestones of development of public health. SA 1.
2) 5 levels of intervention. PARK 40.
3) HDI.
2006
1) 5 responsibilities of a family physician.
2) 5 indicators.
3) HDI.
2005
1) Risk transition of diseases.
2004
1) What are the indicators of disease burden? PARK 25.
2002
1) Define 5 indicators of efficiency of bed facilities of hospital.
2) Social stratification. SK 679.
2000
1) Human development index.
1999
1) Social therapy.
1998
1) Social stress & illness. PARK 585.
2) Determinants of health.
3) Responsibility for health. PARK 594.
1997
1) Community diagnosis.
1994
1) Rehabilitation.
MISCELLANEOUS (INCLUDING INTERNATIONAL HEALTH & HEALTH LEGISLATION)
LONG QUESTIONS
2009
1) Describe the concept of Telemedicine & elaborate the uses of telemedicine in public health.
2004
1) What is health legislation? What are the public health acts, which safeguard health & welfare of children& women?
1997
1) Discuss the concept of Health City Initiatives & steps for developing a Health City plan.
SHORT NOTES
2012
1) Role of legislative measures in health.
2011
1) Telemedicine.
2) Internet application in Community Medicine.
3) Hawthorne Effect in health.
4) Emerging market for medical tourism.
2010
1) Theme of World Health Day, 2010.
2009
1) Medical tourism in India.
2) International health regulations.
3) Medical geography.
4) Medical certification of cause of death.
5) GIS & public health.
2008
1) International classification of diseases.
2007
1) Impact of Globalization on Health.
2001
1) Tribal health.
1998
1) International classification of diseases.
1996
1) Theme of World Health Day, 1996.
NUTRITION
LONG QUESTIONS
2011
1) The problem of IDD in the villages of WB has scratchy evidences. Plan an epidemiological survey to find out the prevalence & measures for prevention & control. SA 209, PARK 596.
2) What are the objectives of nutritional surveillance of the country? How can at least 4 of the objectives be met? AFMC 789, SA 196, PARK 603, SK 207.
2010
1) What is household food security? Enumerate different methods to measure it. How will you assess the household food security in a block including seasonal variations?
2008
1) What are the indicators of iodine deficiency at the community level? Suggest a study design for assessment of problem of IDD in a district.
2007
1) Discuss the current scenario & epidemiological factors responsible for the causation of malnutrition with special reference to tribal children. Suggest measures for accelerating efforts for reduction of under nutrition in under 5 children. PARK 592, 604, SA 179, 184.
2006
1) Delineate how you will organize a survey in your district to elicit the prevalence & KABP of IDD among the study population.
2002
1) Discuss the plan of field survey for assessing the magnitude of IDD in a hilly district.
1997
1) Discuss the epidemiology of IDD.
1996
1) Discuss the epidemiology of PEM in India. Critically review the measures being taken in our country.
1994
1) Describe the changing profile of malnutrition in our country.
SHORT NOTES
2011
1) Food Adulteration & legislation to control.
2) Nutritional rehabilitation.
3) Nutritional rehabilitation centre.
2009
1) Food security.
2) New WHO growth chart.
3) Nutrition surveillance.
4) National nutrition policy.
5) Mid day meal scheme.
6) Role of antioxidants to prevent NCDs.
2008
1) Food security.
2) Prepare a dietary menu for a diabetic person under oral hypoglycemic therapy.
3) What are the interventions for reducing the burden of PEM in under 5 child?
2007
1) Effects of iodine deficiency in population.
2004
1) How will you monitor & manage nutrition of disaster victims?
2000
1) Interaction of diarrhea & malnutrition.
1999
1) Age independent indices for measuring nutritional status of under 5 children.
1998
1) Antioxidants.
1994
1) Growth monitoring.
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
LONG QUESTIONS
2012
1) What is pre placement examination? What are the occupational risk factors for coal miners? Describe briefly different measures for prevention of occupational hazards among the said workers. PARK 717, AFMC 1276, 1292.
2011
1) Occupational diseases are a neglected issue. Why do you think so? In spite of having many legislative measures there has not been much interest on this issue. PARK 708, 722, AFMC 1300.
2005
1) Enumerate the known occupational risk factors for industrial worker of coal mines. Plan a study to estimate the prevalence of those risk factors in coal industry.
1999
1) What is social security? Discuss the social security measures available in India. AFMC 1295, PARK 613.
2) What do you mean by multidisciplinary approach of occupational health? Discuss in brief the common occupational health hazards related to agriculture. How occupational health services for the rural people engaged in agriculture can be provided? PARK 708, AFMC 1272.
1994
1) It is stated that, occupational diseases are preventable to a large extent. Outline the measures adopted in the support of the statement. AFMC 1286.
SHORT NOTES
2012
1) Provisions under Indian Factories Act pertaining to the health & welfare of the factory workers---explain. AFMC 1296.
2) Lead pollution is hazardous to health---explain. PARK 712.
2010
1) Early detection of pneumoconiosis. AFMC 1274.
2) Occupational health hazards in Agriculture.
2009
1) Social security for elderly.
2) Role of ILO in Occupational Health.
2008
1) Pre placement checkup for prevention of occupational diseases.
2) Social security.
3) Special measures available to adolescent workers under the Indian Factories Act. AFMC 1296.
4) What are the cash benefits of ESI? AFMC 1297.
2007
1) Occupational cancer.
2005
1) FAO.
2) Social security.
2004
1) Occupational dermatosis. AFMC 1277.
2002
1) Sickness absenteeism. PARK 715.
2000
1) Occupational cancer & their control. AFMC 1277, PARK 713.
1997
1) ESI & health.
1996
1) Medical measures for prevention of occupational diseases among industry workers. PARK 717.
PLANNING & EVALUATION & HEALTH MANAGEMENT
LONG QUESTIONS
2013
1) What do you mean by quality assurance in health care? What is the diff quality assurance measures proposed for improvement of health care in India with reference to RCH/ NRHM?
2) What are components of health manpower management? What are the diff procedures of health manpower need assessment? Compute the requirement of health manpower for a district of 20 lakh population by applying any of the procedures.
2011
1) Health manpower planning is of immense importance in the health services. Give a concrete plan of components of health manpower development which will be of use in the coming decade in India. AFMC 322.
2009
1) Define planning. What are its elements? How would you plan a cataract camp at a rural health centre? AFMC 343, PARK 771.
2) Enumerate various methods of evaluations. How will you evaluate the functioning of ASHAs under NRHM? SA 672, PARK 784, PARK 381.
3) What do you understand by motivation? How is it helpful in achieving organizational goals? SA 35.
2008
1) What is health planning? Discuss the planning cycle for delivery of health services. AFMC 343, PARK 771.
2) Discuss the components & significance of Health Management Information System. PARK 742.
2007
1) What is Health service research? What are the different types of Health service research? What is the difference between Health service research & Health system research? SA 741. PARK 31.
2005
1) What do you understand by medical audit? How does medical audit help in planning & management of hospital services? Discuss.
2) What are the dimensions of Quality in health care? Discuss the planning of Quality assurance of health care service. AFMC 383.
2004
1) What is evaluation? How will you evaluate The National Programme for Control of HIV/AIDS?
2) What is Inventory control? Mention the suggested guidelines for Inventory control for RCH programme in a SC area. AFMC 335.
3) What is Health system? What is the meaning of System analysis? What are the epidemiological principles & procedures applicable for Health System analysis? Give examples.
2002
1) What is the meaning of Health Management? Explain the measures necessary for improvement of health manpower utilization in our country. SA 647.
2) What is health policy research? Identify the policies involved in Primary Health Care approach. Mention the parameters of evaluation of these policies. SA 68.
3) What are the different aspects of health programme evaluation? Discuss a plan of action for evaluation of Malaria control programme in India.
2001
1) Prepare a plan for system analysis of in-patient services of a hospital.
2000
1) What is Health system research? Discuss different types of Health system research with examples.
2) Discuss a framework for public policy advocacy in health sector.
1999
1) Evaluation is a key word to measure the success/failure of any health programme---discuss.
1998
1) What is Health service research? Describe with examples different epidemiological methods applicable for Health service research.
2) Write in brief the merits & limitations of routine Health Management Information System. Suggest measures for its improvement.
1997
1) Evaluation as a tool of Modern Management---correlate the above with an example.
1996
1) Explain with examples the epidemiological principles & approaches applicable for planning & organization of health services.
2) Discuss the steps in Health Planning & correlate them with the implementation of Health Care Delivery System in a fast developing semi-urban area.
1994
1) Elucidate with examples the methods & techniques applicable to the practice of economics in health sector. SA 54.
2) Discuss the issues related to Health manpower planning to meet the health care need of the country.
1993
1) What is Budgeting? What are the factors involved in setting up a budget for STD control programme in your area with a population of 5000. AFMC 328.
2) What do you mean by planning? Discuss the processes involved for planning a programme to control & prevent a communicable disease in your district.
SHORT NOTES
2013
1) Work sampling.
2) Limits & concerns about PPP model.
3) Explain with examples cost effectiveness & cost efficiency of a program.
4) What are the challenges of material management in hospitals?
5) Criteria for selection of essential drugs.
6) Benefit to cost ratio should be more than unity for planning any health intervention.
2012
1) Stages of medical audit.
2) System analysis.
3) Health system research.
4) Principles & significance of health economics in health care delivery.
5) Motivation.
6) Social marketing.
2011
1) Health service coverage evaluation.
2) Drug policy in a hospital.
3) PPP.
4) Hospital patient relationship.
5) Quality management & assurance.
6) Patient communication deserves better attention. PARK 604.
2010
1) Health manpower planning for CHCs in WB.
2) Combination of ABC & VED analysis.
3) Queing theory.
4) Quality assurance of a teaching hospital.
5) Public health informatics.
2009
1) Medical audit.
2) What are components of health manpower development? Comment on current status of each of the component.
3) Operational research.
4) Inventory control.
5) What is health economics? How does it differ from Health investment?
6) Quality assurance.
7) Opportunity cost. AFMC 327.
8) Decentralization of health care.
9) Cost benefit, cost effectiveness & cost efficiency analysis.
10) Public private partnership in health care.
11) Development of Essential drug list for a state. PARK 393.
12) Health service researches.
2008
1) How will you evaluate the effects of IEC programme on HIV/AIDS prevention?
2) Inventory control.
2007
1) What are the components of health manpower development? Explain with examples.
2) Quality assurance of health care delivery system.
3) Management by objectives.
4) Public private partnership.
2005
1) Health economics.
2002
1) What is MBO? What are its steps? AFMC 339.
2) What are the characteristics of health financing of our country? SA 673.
2001
1) Simulation model.
2000
1) Methods of inventory control.
1999
1) Leadership. SA 34.
2) Planning cycle.
1998
1) Simulation theory.
1997
1) Cost-effectivity.
2) Health Management Information System.
3) Medical audit.
4) Planning cycle.
1996
1) Cost benefit & cost effectiveness.
1994
1) 5 yr plan. PARK 778.
1993
1) Supervision. SA 666.
2) Personnel management.
3) Network analysis. AFMC 338.
So I decided to share them here for the benefit of all other students pursuing the course.
DEMOGRAPHY, FAMILY PLANNING, MATERNAL & CHILD HEALTH, ADOLESCENT & GERIATRIC HEALTH
LONG QUESTIONS
2012
1) Adolescent girls in India require special attention---discuss. Elaborate briefly on the various programs for the welfare of this group of population. AFMC 856, PARK 548, SA 154.
2) Mention common geriatric health problems. Outline the Govt initiatives to tackle the geriatric health problems in India. AFMC 887, PARK 549, SA 709, SK 710.
2011
1) What is the social pathology of maternal mortality in India? Write down a protocol for improvement of maternal mortality ratio in a block. AFMC 814-15, 818-24. PARK 516, 520.
2) Discuss the policy of equity & quality issue in addressing adolescent problems & reducing MMR.
2010
1) Write down a protocol for an intervention to improve Birth preparedness & Complication readiness in a block.
2) Discuss in brief the demographic transition in India. How does it affect the epidemiological transition of diseases in community? ---explain with examples. AFMC 892.
2009
1) What is Maternal and Perinatal Death Inquiry Response (MAPDIR)? Discuss new initiatives to reduce maternal and perinatal death in India. PARK 521-22.
2007
1) What are the health problems of adolescents? Mention the spectrum of psychiatric problems among them & probable reasons. Suggest measures for prevention of these problems.
2) Discuss the demographic transition in India. How does it influence the epidemiological transition of the diseases? Give examples.
2006
1) Describe how will you counsel an unmarried, pregnant adolescent girl, who comes to you for consultation. SA 48.
2005
1) What is adolescence? Enumerate health problems during this period. Suggest the components & approaches for adolescent health care.
2) What are the health problems of the geriatric population? Give an elaborate plan of a health care service for old people at the Block level through primary health care.
3) Discuss the health problems of the ageing population in India. Suggest measures for its improvement.
2004
1) You have been asked to find out the birth wt of newborns in a PHC area. Mention 5 important factors responsible for LBW. Mention criteria to measure the birth wt & also these factors. Prepare a questionnaire/schedule for this survey. PARK 495.
2) What are the characteristics & their significance of changes of sex ratio in India? Give your comments.
3) Home based mother’s cards---a passport of comprehensive maternal care----discuss.
2002
1) Enumerate causes of under 5 mortality & maternal mortality in WB. Suggest a feasible plan of action taking into consideration of community development. AFMC 848, PARK 530.
2) Discuss the impact of socio-cultural values on health of elderly population in the 21st century. Discuss briefly the health care of elderly in developed & developing countries.
2000
1) Exclusive breast feeding is essential for healthy physical & mental development of children----express your views. PARK 497, AFMC 829.
2) Comment on the effects of population increase in a developing Nation like India.
2001
1) Discuss the geriatric health problems. Draw a district action plan of geriatric health care.
1999
1) Mention major geriatric health problems prevalent in India. Suggest Health & Welfare measures for elderly population.
2) Express your views on Adolescent Health Needs & scope of its practice.
1998
1) Pregnancy is special---justify the statement. Discuss the present strategy for safe motherhood in India. Put forward your suggestions for safe motherhood at community level.
1994
1) Discuss the various factors leading to Juvenile Delinquency & the role of child guidance clinics. AFMC 862, PARK 540, 544.
SHORT NOTES
2012
1) Syndromic management of lower abdominal pain in females.
2) MAPEDIR is an important tool for addressing MCH problems---explain.
3) Socio-cultural determinants of maternal & child health.
4) Strategies for geriatric health care.
2011
1) Case management process of diarrhea in IMNCI.
2) Role of legislation in demography.
3) Women’s empowerment.
4) Effects of social security of a country on the fertility pattern.
5) The importance of PNDT Act.
6) Injectable contraceptives.
7) Literacy & demography.
8) Demographic transition.
9) Infertility---an upcoming threat.
10) Women’s health vis-à-vis gender discrimination---comment.
2010
1) Ayushmati scheme.
2) Case management process in IMNCI.
3) Evidence based practices in obstetric care.
4) Maternal mortality rate vs Maternal mortality ratio.
2009
1) Kishori shakti yojona.
2) Postpartum contraceptives.
3) Demographic transition.
4) Risk taking behavior of adolescents.
5) PNDT Act, 1994.
6) Demographic characteristics of India.
7) Breast feeding options for HIV/AIDS mothers.
8) Emergency contraception.
9) Social marketing.
2008
1) Indicators used for measuring the breast feeding practices of new born.
2) Social marketing.
3) Fertility indicators.
4) Unmet need for family planning.
5) Hormonal contraceptives.
6) Juvenile delinquency.
2007
1) Birth weight of new born.
2) Long action contraceptives.
3) Essential obstetric care.
4) Violence against women---trends & responses.
5) Impact of declining sex ratio. Role of public health professionals.
6) Causes of maternal mortality. How community based transportation helps in reduction of maternal mortality?
2006
1) Adolescent vaccinations.
2) Demographic trap.
2005
1) Kangaroo mother care.
2) Female feticide.
3) Prevention of LBW.
2004
1) What are the scopes & difficulties of social marketing?
2) Juvenile delinquency.
2002
1) Emerging issues in women’s health & rights.
2) Family life education.
2001
1) Social marketing.
2) Anemia in children & its prevention & control.
3) Child labour.
1999
1) Exclusive breast feeding influences health status of baby as well as mother----explain.
1997
1) Concept of child to child program.
2) Female condom.
3) Mortality, fertility & gender bias in India.
1994
1) Breast feeding counseling.
2) Birth spacing.
1993
1) MTP Act, 1972.
ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION, URBAN HEALTH, BIO-MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT & DISASTER MANAGEMENT
LONG QUESTION
2011
1) Environmental pollution is now being increasingly recognized as a major threat to man’s health--- discuss the statement critically. NOTE, AFMC 710.
2) Discuss the current & emerging issues of environment, which have adverse effect on health. Briefly outline preventive measures. NOTE, AFMC 710.
2009
1) Discuss the various consequences of Global climate changes during recent years on human health. Suggest measures to mitigate it. NOTE, AFMC 710.
2) Define & classify disasters. Develop a plan for disaster management in a district. AFMC 389.
3) Describe the problem of Arsenic in drinking water in WB & public health measures undertaken to tackle the problem.
2008
1) What are the indicators of water pollution? Classify water borne diseases. How will you survey the quality of drinking water collected from a river? Briefly mention treatment of river water which is only source of drinking water to a community of 5000 population. AFMC 660, 653, 661. PARK 621, 622, 635(Biological exam, Chemical surveillance).
2005
1) Which is the public health significance of urban poor? Write down the salient characteristics of their health status. AFMC 601, PARK 715.
2) Name the important diseases associated with bio-medical wastes. What are the precautions used to be taken by the health workers for prevention of hazards associated with it?-Discuss. SA 728.
2004
1) What is Health Care Associated Infection? What measures do you suggest for its prevention & control? Specify the measures for treatment & disposal of health care wastes. SA 728.
2) Enumerate important urban health problems in India. Prioritize with justification. Discuss the role of Indian population project VIII in urban health care.
3) Discuss in detail hospital waste management.
2000
1) Arsenic in drinking water is a health hazard------discuss.
1994
1) Reviewing the major natural disasters in the South Asia region in the recent years, discus the strategies you like to adopt for managing health sector preparedness & response programmes against disasters. PARK 703.
SHORT NOTES
2012
1) Total sanitation campaign.
2) Water quality surveillance.
3) What are the strategies recommended for vaccine waste management?
2011
1) Inputs for improving problems of urban slum dwellers.
2) Urbanization & its hazards.
3) Planning of biomedical waste disposal in a BPHC.
4) Indira Awas Yojona.
2010
1) Biomedical waste management in a CHC.
2009
1) Total sanitation campaign. SA 251.
2) Biomedical waste management in a secondary hospital.
3) Water quality surveillance.
2008
1) What are the recent changes in strategies, approaches & organization for disaster management? SA 723 (Organization).
2) What is the meaning of urban poor? What are the health service packages for them under different urban development projects? SA 636.
3) Water seal latrine. PARK 663.
4) What are the health impacts of global warming? SK 850.
2007
1) Meaning, significance & status of emergency preparedness & response. PARK 700.
2) Hospital waste management---current status & actions to be taken up.
3) Environmental issues to be addressed in health city plan.
2006
1) Indoor air pollution & health. PARK 643.
2002
1) What safety measures should be followed at family level before, during & after earthquake? PARK 705.
2001
1) Disaster management in industrial sector. PARK 356.
2) Arsenicosis.
1994
1) Any one water borne chemical disease. PARK 621.
2) Oxidation pond. PARK 670.
EPIDEMIOLOGY, BIOSTATISTICS & RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
LONG QUESTIONS
2012
1) Write a detailed protocol to elucidate the association of Htn & tobacco use. AFMC 141.
2) Design a study to assess the knowledge, attitude & practice regarding emergency contraceptives among reproductive age group of women of a block. AFMC 145.
3) Discuss scopes & limitations of qualitative research. Discuss diff qualitative research methods. AFMC 209.
2011
1) Bias & error of epidemiological study------discuss. AFMC 113, 115.
2) Discuss process & development of a questionnaire in epidemiological research. AFMC 119.
2010
1) What is ecological study? Difference between ecological & epidemiological study. AFMC 138.
2) Difference between elimination & eradication. PARK 90.
3) Discuss methods of qualitative research in health. What is the importance of FGD in collection of qualitative data for public health programme?
2009
1) What is epidemiological surveillance? What is its role in eradication of communicable diseases? SA 294.
2007
1) What are the steps in conducting case control study? ----Discuss in detail.
2) Discuss about the use of critical appraisal of research evidence in clinical decision making & creating health care policies. AFMC 202.
2006
1) What are the differences in clinical trial & community based trial? What is clinico-epidemiology? How does it differ from epidemiology? Give examples. AFMC 152.
2) Write down step by step the 30 cluster sampling for immunization coverage evaluation survey. Give examples if necessary. SA 351.
2005
1) ‘Epidemiology is meant for information’-------justify the statement. What is the purpose of its use? Explain with examples. Mention the epidemiological indicators used to estimate magnitude of any disease. Give examples. AFMC 66. SK 242.
2) What is epidemiological surveillance? Give examples. What is its role in control/eradication of communicable diseases? Explain with examples.
2004
1) What is experimental epidemiology? How does it differ from analytical epidemiology? Illustrate with examples. AFMC 151.
2002
1) What is Lot quality assurance sampling technique? What are its assumptions? Mention the steps of this technique for evaluation of immunization coverage of children. SA 353.
2001
1) Design a case control study for identifying risk factors of Htn in community. AFMC 141.
2) Discuss the meaning & importance of epidemiological surveillance. Describe commonly used methods of surveillance for communicable diseases.
2000
1) Design an epidemiological study to find out possible association between HIV & TB. AFMC 141.
2) With reference to analytical epidemiology discuss following----
· Biases in case control study. AFMC 143.
· Criteria to evaluate causal association. SK 262.
1999
1) What is epidemiological surveillance? Discuss the current status & limitations of disease surveillance in India. SA 299.
2) Mention different types of bias in experimental study. Explain with illustration different types of experimental study designs to minimize occurrence of such bias. AFMC 151, 153.
3) You have been asked to undertake health survey in district. How will you decide sample size & sampling design? Mention steps for planning & organization of such survey. AFMC 172. SA 354.
1998
1) Describe different types & sources of bias & errors in analytical & experimental studies. What are the measures to prevent these problems?
2) Discuss the role of surveillance in health programmes giving suitable examples.
1997
1) Discuss briefly epidemiological study designs for testing of hypothesis on cause-effect relationship of diseases. Mention different types of bias & errors & ways to prevent them.
2) What are the scopes of epidemiological survey? Describe the steps involved in planning & organization of epidemiological survey for evaluation of immunization programme in India.
3) Discuss the role & strategies of surveillance in health programmes giving suitable examples.
1996
1) What are different types of clinical trials? Design a research methodology for vaccine efficacy trial. AFMC 154.
1994
1) Discuss the role of epidemiology in health services. AFMC 66.
1993
1) Discuss the methods to control confounding in design & analysis of analytical epidemiological studies. AFMC 113.
SHORT NOTES
2012
1) Randomization & blinding. PARK 78, 79.
2) Likelihood ratio. AFMC 164.
3) Parametric tests of significance. SK 650.
4) Migrant studies.
5) Steps of critical evaluation of a published paper.
6) Likert scale. SA 47.
2011
1) Cross over clinical trial. AFMC 157.
2) Snow ball sampling.
3) How to study statistical fallacies in articles?
4) Confounding variables. AFMC 113.
5) Factors that increase the predictive value of a screening test. AFMC 162.
6) Uses of descriptive epidemiology. SK 252.
7) Epidemiological bias.
8) Meta analysis is a pillar of evidence based medicine---describe.
9) Purposive sampling. SA 353.
10) Errors of numerator interpreting various indicators of morbidity & mortality.
11) Informal consent. AFMC 206.
12) Qualitative research is a backbone of BCC.
13) Verbal autopsy. SA 298.
14) Key informant interview. AFMC 211.
15) Medical ethics. AFMC 208.
2010
1) Retrospective/prospective cohort study. SK 255.
2) Criteria for judging causality.
3) Net sensitivity & net specificity.
4) Steps of critical evaluation of a published literature.
2009
1) Multivariate analysis. Dixit 183.
2) Blinding in randomized control trial.
3) Ethical issues in epidemiological research.
4) Kappa statistics. Dixit 215.
5) Sample size.
6) Lot quality assurance sampling.
7) Confounding.
8) Diagnostic test evaluation. AFMC 160.
9) Nested case control study. AFMC 149.
10) FGD. AFMC 211.
2008
1) Standardized mortality rates. SK 246.
2) Epidemiological transition.
3) How will you derive sample size of RCT? AFMC 153.
4) Good clinical practice in the content of biomedical research.
5) Methods of qualitative research.
2007
1) Randomized control trial. AFMC 153, SK 259.
2) Meta analysis.
3) Criteria for judging causality.
4) Screening & diagnostic test. PARK 123.
5) Ethical guidance for biomedical research.
2006
1) Birth & death registration in India. PARK 743.
2005
1) What are the principles for application of statistical significance tests in epidemiological studies? SK 650.
2004
1) What is the meaning of testing of hypothesis? Give examples. SK 650.
2) What are different types of bias & error in epidemiological studies?
2002
1) What is the necessity of qualitative research? Give examples of such research methods.
2001
1) Epidemic curve. SK 249.
2) Population census. PARK 743.
3) Medical ethics.
4) Focused group discussion.
2000
1) Sequential analysis. AFMC 169.
2) Null hypothesis. SK 649.
1999
1) Screening tests. AFMC 168.
2) Proportional hazard model.
1998
1) Criteria of screening tests.
1997
1) Statistical probability. SA 355.
1996
1) Standardization of rates.
1994
1) Cluster sampling technique-----its advantages & disadvantages.
1993
1) Sequential & non sequential clinical trials.
2) Importance of biological plausibility to assess causal association.
3) Factors which can increase the positive predictive value of a screening test.
4) Sampling. SK 643.
5) Statistical averages. AFMC 227.
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
LONG QUESTIONS
2007
1) Discuss the modes of transmission of HIV. What are the important management issues in relation to prevention & control of HIV/AIDS?
2006
1) What do you know about the epidemiology of Avian Flu? What measures are advocated to prevent & control the disease?
2) Write briefly the factors leading to resurgence of KALA-AZAR in India. Discuss the management of KALA-AZAR in treatment of failure cases.
3) Compare the magnitude of problem, fatality, disability & social consequences of PEM, Malaria, leprosy & IDD.
2005
1) Discuss the epidemiology of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. Write in brief the criteria for clinical diagnosis of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever & its control measures.
2) Name Arboviral diseases prevalent in India. Write in brief control measures of any one of them.
2004
1) Discuss the emerging infectious diseases. Critically analyze the prevention & control of any one such disease.
2) Briefly mention the achievements of India in control of communicable diseases. What are the shortfalls? Comment on the priorities among the current status of these diseases.
3) Discuss the epidemiology of Filariasis.
4) Discuss the epidemiology of various types of viral hepatitis. Outline the preventive & control measures of Hepatitis B.
2002
1) Enumerate the existing & emerging zoonotic problems. Discuss the strategies adopted for their control.
1998
1) Discuss the epidemiology of viral hepatitis B. Outline the preventive & control measures of Hepatitis B.
1997
1) Discuss the epidemiology of KALA-AZAR in India. Briefly outline its clinical management & measures for its control.
1996
1) Discuss the epidemiology of viral hepatitis A. Critically review the measures available for prevention & control.
1994
1) Write in brief the safety measures to be adopted in outbreak of a communicable disease with special reference to plague outbreak in India.
2) Discuss the prospects of AIDS vaccine.
1993
1) How will you set up HIV sentinel surveillance in your state?
SHORT NOTES
2012
1) J.E. vaccine.
2) Blood safety.
3) Behavioral aspect of HIV/AIDS.
2011
1) Epidemiology & control of Swine Flu.
2) Control of Visceral Leishmaniasis.
3) Rota-viral vaccine.
4) Emerging diseases.
5) Emerging vaccines.
6) Epidemiological tools used to measure situation of Leprosy in India.
7) Protective measures to be taken during surgery of a HIV patient including disposal of the dead.
8) Women are at risk of HIV infection-----explain.
9) Genetic sequencing in poliomyelitis.
2010
1) Problems encountered in contribution of research of Dengue vaccine.
2) Entomological surveillance.
2009
1) Role of zinc in diarrheal management.
2) Emerging diseases.
3) Universal precautions.
2008
1) Haemophylus influenza vaccine.
2) Role of BCG in protection against Leprosy.
3) OPV/IPV/both----critically evaluate the importance of the strategy for eradication of poliomyelitis.
4) Integrated vector management.
2007
1) Surveillance of hospital acquired infections.
2) Screening of HIV.
2006
1) C virus hepatitis.
2) Blood transfusion safety.
3) 5 important impacts of AIDS in society.
2005
1) Haemophylus influenza vaccine.
2) Varicella vaccine.
3) Strategies for elimination of neonatal tetanus.
4) Write down the problems encountered in research of AIDS vaccine.
2004
1) Mention the vector, causative agents & host characteristics of 2 important Arbovirus-B infections prevalent in India.
2) Enumerate the emerging & reemerging infectious diseases in India.
3) Write briefly the current status of HIV/AIDS vaccine.
2002
1) Bio-terrorism.
2) Siliguri fever.
3) Integrated vector control.
2001
1) Problem of monkey bite in urban areas & its management.
2) Post exposure prophylaxis of HIV.
2000
1) BCG as a diagnostic test.
1999
1) Methods that can be used for control of Mansonides in India.
1998
1) Oral typhoid vaccine.
1996
1) Control of Rheumatic fever & Rheumatic heart disease in primary health care.
2) Outreach centers.
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
LONG QUESTIONS
2008
1) Discuss the types, causes & prevention of mental illness.
2006
1) Obesity---a worldwide epidemic---Discuss.
2004
1) Discuss the epidemiology of cancers in India.
2) Discuss the epidemiology & control of drug addiction.
2002
1) Discuss the role of nutritional factors in causation of Coronary Heart Diseases.
2) Describe the epidemiology of Road Traffic Accidents & suggest its control measures.
1998
1) Discuss the steps involved in the management of a Coronary Artery Disease containment programme in an urban area with 1.5 million populations.
1994
1) What do you mean by Drug Abuse? Discuss the factors responsible for drug dependency amongst youth in the community.
1993
1) Oral health for a healthy life-----discuss the role of preventive approach in achieving oral health in a developing society.
SHORT NOTES
2012
1) Obesity is a challenge for public health today---discuss.
2) Genetic counseling.
3) Drug dependence & drug abuse.
2011
1) Non communicable diseases are becoming a burden for India---discuss.
2) Genetic load.
3) Mental disorders are increasing day by day---discuss.
4) Emotional quotient.
2010
1) Ca cervix screening in community level.
2) Genetic counseling.
3) Common mental disorders in geriatric population.
2009
1) Epidemiology of tobacco use in India.
2) Dependency producing drugs.
3) Epidemiology of deafness.
4) Methods of screening of common cancers among women in India.
2008
1) Preventive & social measures in chromosomal diseases.
2) NCDs--- an emerging challenge in developing countries--- explain the statement.
2007
1) Screening of metabolic syndrome.
2) Genetic counseling.
3) Criteria for screening mental health problems.
4) Ill effects of tobacco & public health challenges in tobacco control.
2006
1) Risk factors in stroke.
2) Early detection of cervical cancer.
3) Oral health care for aging population.
2005
1) Post traumatic stress syndrome---meaning, significance & management.
2) Genetic counseling.
1999
1) Role of diet towards prevention of cancer.
1996
1) Assessment of obesity.
HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM
LONG QUESTIONS
2012
1) Describe the health care delivery system in India. What are the strengths & weaknesses of the system?
2011
1) Sir Joseph William Bhore envisioned the primary health care component of public health in India-----it is still a challenge in delivery of health care issues.
2010
1) What do you mean by Health Sector Reform? Discuss in brief the different strategies to achieve Health Sector Reform at community level.
2009
1) Define primary health care. Enumerate the principles & components of primary health care.
2005
1) What is health care? Give your important points differentiating from medical care. Write in brief the levels of health care.
1999
1) Discuss the role of Multi Purpose Health Workers (female) in preparing SC action plan.
1998
1) Enumerate the levels of health administration from the district to the extreme periphery. Discuss one of these levels in detail.
1997
1) Administrative lacunae & remedial measures in peripheral health services.
1996
1) Discuss the concept of regionalization of health services in relation to the 3 tier system of health administration. Analyze & present its long term advantages.
1993
1) What is primary health care? Discuss the principles & infrastructure support to implement the programme effectively.
SHORT NOTES
2012
1) IPHS for PHCs.
2) Role of local self-Govt. in health development.
2011
1) Intersectoral coordination is the essence of a successful programme---discuss with an example.
2) AYUSH.
3) Community participation.
4) Quacks---a boon or a threat?
2009
1) IPHS for CHCs.
2) Characteristics & activities of NGO in health care delivery system.
1998
1) Laboratory services in India.
1994
1) Health service coverage.
HEALTH EDUCATION & MEDICAL EDUCATION
LONG QUESTIONS
2011
1) The public relation officer is of immense importance in the hospital set up. How do you propose to train this specialized manpower to improve health care delivery? NOTE.
2010
1) Prepare a curriculum on Applied Epidemiology for UG Medical course, considering all feasible teaching-learning methods. NOTE.
2009
1) What is communication process? Describe its components. How would you plan & implement a health education programme for HIV/AIDS in rural community? PARK 757, AFMC 624.
2008
1) What are the possible media of health communication for outreach area? Comment on the merits & demerits of the different media. Which health messages are commonly found in TV & radio? PARK 765.
2006
1) What is education? What modification do you suggest in defining educational objectives, teaching-learning process, formulation & application of evaluation system in medical education to satisfy the development of both clinical skill & social need? NOTE.
1999
1) How will you proceed to develop a structured module for undertaking integrated teaching on the topic of diarrheal diseases for the medical undergraduates? NOTE.
1997
1) Write down the role of communication in primary health care. Mention the strategies & contents of communication for control of HIV/AIDS in India. PARK 759, SA 51.
1996
1) Plan & organize KAP survey for assessing the health education services of child health care programme in a district. AFMC 172.
1993
1) Discuss the basic planning skills for health education in primary health care. AFMC 624.
SHORT NOTES
2012
1) Problem based learning. SA 33.
2) Mass media & its limitations & potentials in health education. PARK 768.
3) OSCE/OSPE. NOTE.
2011
1) What are the principles of counseling at an ART centre? Briefly discuss client satisfaction. SA 48.
2) SWOT analysis of Community Medicine curriculum in UG course.
3) Barriers of communication. PARK 759.
4) Specific instructional objectives. NOTE.
2010
1) Principles of adult learning.
2) Health education vs health propaganda/publicity. PARK 762.
3) Role of behavioral science in public health.
2009
1) Microteaching..
2) Difference between IEC & BCC. Give examples. AFMC 619, 621.
3) What is pedagogy? What is SIOS? Draw the educational spiral & indicate its components.
4) Sociogram. SA 39.
5) Transaction analysis. .
6) SWOT analysis of UG Community Medicine training.
2008
1) What is educational spiral? Explain its components.
2005
1) What are the essential characteristics of learning objectives in medical education?
2004
1) What is course curriculum? What are the steps of curriculum planning?
2002
1) Pedagogy. SA 33.
2001
1) School health education. SA 41.
2) Role of behavioral sciences in health management.
3) Participatory learning action technique.
2000
1) Focused group discussion.
1999
1) Learning objectives in medical education.
1998
1) Outreach of channels of communication. PARK 758.
2) Health behavioral research.
1996
1) Functional objectives in medical teaching.
1993
1) Methods & media used in health education programme. PARK 765.
2) Integration.
HEALTH PROGRAMMES & POLICIES IN INDIA
LONG QUESTIONS
2012
1) What are the indicators for assessing Malaria situation in a region? Discuss the objectives & strategies adopted under National Anti Malaria Programme in India. JK (NEW) 364, JK (OLD) 317.
2011
1) The knowledge, attitude, behavior & practice regarding HIV/AIDS need a lot of improvement. Outline a health education programme to increase this KABP & also how to evaluate whether the programme has had any effect, AFMC.
2) Discuss the current status of National Poliomyelitis Eradication Programme, highlighting the management problems encountered in making India polio free. JK (NEW) 185.
3) Critically review the RNTCP programme. How will you evaluate the programme at district level? JK (NEW) 265, 251.
2010
1) Discuss on the barriers of measles eradication including recent strategies adopted by WHO. JK (NEW) 176.
2009
1) Mention the limitations of the ongoing disease surveillance programme. JK (NEW) 425.
2) Discuss the initiatives undertaken under NRHM to revitalize Primary Health Care in India. JK (NEW) 96.
3) Discuss the critical input required to improve effectiveness of ICDS in light of recent evaluations. JK (NEW) 446.
4) Describe National Mental Health Programme & discuss its implementation at district level. JK (NEW) 487, 488.
2008
1) What are the indicators for assessing Malaria situation in a region? Discuss the objectives & strategies adopted under National Anti Malaria Programme in India.
2006
1) Discuss briefly on the scope & necessity of PPP in RCH programme indicating specific types of activities. JK (NEW) 217.
2) Critically comment on NRHM & the previous attempts of improving health care in India. JK (NEW) 120, 69.
2005
1) Mention the limitations of the ongoing disease surveillance programme.
2) Community needs assessment & participatory learning for action in Family Welfare Programme-----Discuss. JK (NEW) 222.
3) Discuss the strategy for Health for all by 2000 AD. JK (NEW) 8, 29.
4) Critically review different National Policies on nutrition intervention within especially vulnerable groups. JK (NEW) 682.
2004
1) Mention at least 5 important issues of RCH programme on which IEC is essential. Design a protocol for evaluation of IEC activities on any of these issues of RCH programme at PHC level.
2) Mention suggested guidelines of inventory control for RCH programme in a SC area. JK (NEW) 220.
3) What are the salient features of National Filariasis Control Programme? JK (NEW) 375.
4) Discuss the National Health Policy’2002, with reference to administrative, organizational & involvement of Panchayet in rural health care. JK (NEW) 620.
5) What are the activities of School Health Programme? Discuss its strength & weakness. What additional inputs have been suggested in this programme? JK (NEW) 578.
6) Discuss RNTCP. How will you evaluate this programme at district level? JK 228.
2002
1) Discuss the surveillance activities in the context of Polio eradication programme.
2) What is vision 2020? Discuss the steps taken in India for its achievement. JK (NEW) 471.
2001
1) Critically review the current approaches to combat Malaria in urban areas. Suggest a suitable plan of action for control of Malaria in a metro city like Calcutta. JK (NEW) 362, 341.
2) Discuss about the new initiatives & approaches of health care in the 9th 5 yr plan (1997-2002). JK (NEW) 64.
3) Critically review the National Population Policy & give your suggestion for its implementation in context of your state. JK (NEW) 638.
2000
1) TB is declared a global emergency by WHO. In this context discuss the following:-
a) Status of primary resistance & acquired resistance to ATDs.
b) Causes of drug resistance & its detection.
c) HIV & TB. JK (NEW) 245, 249, 252.
1999
1) What are the components of community need assessment programme? JK (NEW) 222.
2) Discuss in detail the surveillance programme for AFP. JK (NEW) 186.
1998
1) Comment on the status of 2 National Health Programmes currently opening in India & their inherent strength & weaknesses.
2) Review the existing policy of the control of nutritional anemia, identifying gaps & constraints. Suggest measures to strengthen the National Programme for anemia control in pregnant & lactating mothers, adolescent girls & children. JK (NEW) 455.
3) Enumerate National nutritional programmes of India. Critically review the IMCD scheme. JK (NEW) 440.
4) Critically discuss the National Health Policy of India in the context of Health for All by 2000 AD. JK (NEW) 628.
1997
1) Discuss the basis of health administration as applied to National TB control programme. JK (NEW) 251.
2) Discuss the epidemiology of IDD. Discuss the activities of NIDDCP. JK (NEW) 475, 477.
3) What is community obstetrics? Discuss the shifting of CSSM to RCH. X.
4) Critically review the school health services in India & suggest for its improvement with justification.
1996
1) Discuss with examples the inter-relationship between the National TB control Programme & socio-economic development. JK (NEW) 237.
2) What are the various indices used in Filaria control programme? Write recent developments in Filaria control programme. JK (NEW) 373, 375.
3) Mention the services in the package of CSSM programme. Discuss the surveillance system in this programme. JK (NEW) 141, 222.
4) What is population policy? Briefly describe the National Population Policy of India. JK (NEW) 638.
1994
1) Critically review the implementation of NIDDCP in India. JK (NEW) 481.
2) Timely referral of obstetric emergencies is a key factor for safe motherhood----comment on the issues & strategies under safe motherhood programme. JK (NEW) 151.
1993
1) Discuss the revised strategy under Modified plan of operation for control of Malaria & explain the role of surveillance in it. JK (NEW) 335, 343.
SHORT NOTES
2012
1) DOTS-plus.
2011
1) National drug policy on Malaria, 2010.
2) Adult literacy programme.
3) Halt & reverse the HIV epidemic-----initiatives & achievements to meet MDGs & objectives of NACP-III.
4) Surveillance in poliomyelitis.
5) Recent advancements in organizational techniques in National Family Planning Programme.
2010
1) System analysis of ICTC.
2) Intersectoral co-ordination in IDSP.
3) DOTS plus recent strategy.
4) JNNURM.
5) Current status & future strategies of NIDDCP.
6) Critical review of National Mental Health Programme.
2009
1) Recent changes in guidelines in RNTCP.
2) Vision 2020.
3) Health needs assessment.
4) National drug policy on Malaria, 2008.
5) MDR-TB.
6) Present status of epidemiological activities of National Measles Control Programme.
7) ICDS.
8) ICTC.
2008
1) Measles surveillance.
2) National Population Policy.
2007
1) NRHM----a reality or rhetoric? -----comment.
2) Current strategies for eradication of poliomyelitis.
3) Paradigm shift in RCH.
4) RNTCP.
5) HIV & MDR-TB.
6) National drug policy on Malaria, 2007.
2006
1) 5 important aspects of shift from RCH-I to RCH-II.
2) Role of NACO in prevention of AIDS.
3) Global school based student health survey (GSHS).
2005
1) Goals & objectives of National Health Policy.
2004
1) How will you evaluate National IDD control programme?
2) Compare between IXth & Xth 5 year Health plan with reference to their targets & priorities.
3) Phase II National AIDS Control Programme.
4) Roll back Malaria.
2002
1) Evaluation of Leprosy elimination campaign in India.
2001
1) Revised strategy of Filaria Control Programme.
1999
1) DOTS in TB control programme.
2) Paradigm shift in FP programme in India.
3) Health survey & development committee.
1998
1) AFP surveillance.
1997
1) National Population Policy of India.
1996
1) HIV & TB.
1994
1) IEC strategies in AIDS prevention. JK (NEW) 316.
2) Monitoring activities of ICDS programme. JK (NEW) 449, 50.
3) Management of plasmodium falciparum malaria during pregnancy.
1993
1) National AIDS control programme in India.
HISTORY OF PUBLIC HEALTH, CONCEPT OF HEALTH & DISEASE, & SOCIAL SCIENCE
LONG QUESTIONS
2011
1) Cultural, socio-economic & behavioral determinants having impact on health. What are the methods of assessment of some determinants? ----discuss. PARK 19, 24.
2009
1) What is the meaning of family health? What are the constraints & opportunities of family physician? Suggest measures for improvement of family health care. NOTE.
2) What is socio-economic status? Discuss merits & demerits of various methods to determine the SES in India. SK 679.
3) Define public health. Mention the similarities & difference between clinical diagnosis & care and community diagnosis & care. Give examples. SA 64, 9-12.
2008
1) Write down the concept of risk factors & its measurements. What is the significance of risk approach? SA 288, SK 540.
2007
1) Discuss----Robert Koch---the detection of V.Cholerae in Kolkata 1883/1884 & future challenges in hygiene. AFMC 12, SA 480.
2004
1) What are the determinants of health status of a population? Discuss influences of socio-economic development & health programmes on health status of population. ---illustrate with suitable examples. PARK 19. SK 682.
2001
1) Comment on impact of socioeconomic development on health status in India. SK 682.
2) What is primordial prevention? Discuss in detail with special reference to non communicable diseases. PARK 38.
2000
1) What is social wellbeing? Discuss the usefulness & limitations of social classifications in assessing health & disease of a community. SA 60, PARK 603.
1996
1) What is social classification? What are limitations of it? In what way social classification is useful in study of health & disease? PARK 600.
1994
1) Discuss the role of family practice in the achievement of Health for All by the year 2000.
1993
1) Discuss on your knowledge about Natural History of Diseases. Discuss with examples the levels of prevention. PARK 32, 38.
SHORT NOTES
2012
1) DALY. AFMC 32.
2) Dependency ratio. SK 591.
2011
1) Human development index. SK 7.
2) Risk transition.
3) Social audit for community action. PARK 586.
4) Indicators of hospital efficiency. PARK 26.
2010
1) Contribution of Maxcy in epidemiology.
2) Social medicine vs socialized medicine. SB 12.
3) Dynamics of social change. PARK 585.
4) Social physiology vs social pathology. SK 682.
2009
1) Contribution of John Snow in public health. AFMC 11.
2) What is social medicine & social therapy? Explain with disease specific examples. SB 19.
2008
1) Rehabilitation. PARK 41.
2) Community diagnosis. SA 9.
2007
1) Milestones of development of public health. SA 1.
2) 5 levels of intervention. PARK 40.
3) HDI.
2006
1) 5 responsibilities of a family physician.
2) 5 indicators.
3) HDI.
2005
1) Risk transition of diseases.
2004
1) What are the indicators of disease burden? PARK 25.
2002
1) Define 5 indicators of efficiency of bed facilities of hospital.
2) Social stratification. SK 679.
2000
1) Human development index.
1999
1) Social therapy.
1998
1) Social stress & illness. PARK 585.
2) Determinants of health.
3) Responsibility for health. PARK 594.
1997
1) Community diagnosis.
1994
1) Rehabilitation.
MISCELLANEOUS (INCLUDING INTERNATIONAL HEALTH & HEALTH LEGISLATION)
LONG QUESTIONS
2009
1) Describe the concept of Telemedicine & elaborate the uses of telemedicine in public health.
2004
1) What is health legislation? What are the public health acts, which safeguard health & welfare of children& women?
1997
1) Discuss the concept of Health City Initiatives & steps for developing a Health City plan.
SHORT NOTES
2012
1) Role of legislative measures in health.
2011
1) Telemedicine.
2) Internet application in Community Medicine.
3) Hawthorne Effect in health.
4) Emerging market for medical tourism.
2010
1) Theme of World Health Day, 2010.
2009
1) Medical tourism in India.
2) International health regulations.
3) Medical geography.
4) Medical certification of cause of death.
5) GIS & public health.
2008
1) International classification of diseases.
2007
1) Impact of Globalization on Health.
2001
1) Tribal health.
1998
1) International classification of diseases.
1996
1) Theme of World Health Day, 1996.
NUTRITION
LONG QUESTIONS
2011
1) The problem of IDD in the villages of WB has scratchy evidences. Plan an epidemiological survey to find out the prevalence & measures for prevention & control. SA 209, PARK 596.
2) What are the objectives of nutritional surveillance of the country? How can at least 4 of the objectives be met? AFMC 789, SA 196, PARK 603, SK 207.
2010
1) What is household food security? Enumerate different methods to measure it. How will you assess the household food security in a block including seasonal variations?
2008
1) What are the indicators of iodine deficiency at the community level? Suggest a study design for assessment of problem of IDD in a district.
2007
1) Discuss the current scenario & epidemiological factors responsible for the causation of malnutrition with special reference to tribal children. Suggest measures for accelerating efforts for reduction of under nutrition in under 5 children. PARK 592, 604, SA 179, 184.
2006
1) Delineate how you will organize a survey in your district to elicit the prevalence & KABP of IDD among the study population.
2002
1) Discuss the plan of field survey for assessing the magnitude of IDD in a hilly district.
1997
1) Discuss the epidemiology of IDD.
1996
1) Discuss the epidemiology of PEM in India. Critically review the measures being taken in our country.
1994
1) Describe the changing profile of malnutrition in our country.
SHORT NOTES
2011
1) Food Adulteration & legislation to control.
2) Nutritional rehabilitation.
3) Nutritional rehabilitation centre.
2009
1) Food security.
2) New WHO growth chart.
3) Nutrition surveillance.
4) National nutrition policy.
5) Mid day meal scheme.
6) Role of antioxidants to prevent NCDs.
2008
1) Food security.
2) Prepare a dietary menu for a diabetic person under oral hypoglycemic therapy.
3) What are the interventions for reducing the burden of PEM in under 5 child?
2007
1) Effects of iodine deficiency in population.
2004
1) How will you monitor & manage nutrition of disaster victims?
2000
1) Interaction of diarrhea & malnutrition.
1999
1) Age independent indices for measuring nutritional status of under 5 children.
1998
1) Antioxidants.
1994
1) Growth monitoring.
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
LONG QUESTIONS
2012
1) What is pre placement examination? What are the occupational risk factors for coal miners? Describe briefly different measures for prevention of occupational hazards among the said workers. PARK 717, AFMC 1276, 1292.
2011
1) Occupational diseases are a neglected issue. Why do you think so? In spite of having many legislative measures there has not been much interest on this issue. PARK 708, 722, AFMC 1300.
2005
1) Enumerate the known occupational risk factors for industrial worker of coal mines. Plan a study to estimate the prevalence of those risk factors in coal industry.
1999
1) What is social security? Discuss the social security measures available in India. AFMC 1295, PARK 613.
2) What do you mean by multidisciplinary approach of occupational health? Discuss in brief the common occupational health hazards related to agriculture. How occupational health services for the rural people engaged in agriculture can be provided? PARK 708, AFMC 1272.
1994
1) It is stated that, occupational diseases are preventable to a large extent. Outline the measures adopted in the support of the statement. AFMC 1286.
SHORT NOTES
2012
1) Provisions under Indian Factories Act pertaining to the health & welfare of the factory workers---explain. AFMC 1296.
2) Lead pollution is hazardous to health---explain. PARK 712.
2010
1) Early detection of pneumoconiosis. AFMC 1274.
2) Occupational health hazards in Agriculture.
2009
1) Social security for elderly.
2) Role of ILO in Occupational Health.
2008
1) Pre placement checkup for prevention of occupational diseases.
2) Social security.
3) Special measures available to adolescent workers under the Indian Factories Act. AFMC 1296.
4) What are the cash benefits of ESI? AFMC 1297.
2007
1) Occupational cancer.
2005
1) FAO.
2) Social security.
2004
1) Occupational dermatosis. AFMC 1277.
2002
1) Sickness absenteeism. PARK 715.
2000
1) Occupational cancer & their control. AFMC 1277, PARK 713.
1997
1) ESI & health.
1996
1) Medical measures for prevention of occupational diseases among industry workers. PARK 717.
PLANNING & EVALUATION & HEALTH MANAGEMENT
LONG QUESTIONS
2013
1) What do you mean by quality assurance in health care? What is the diff quality assurance measures proposed for improvement of health care in India with reference to RCH/ NRHM?
2) What are components of health manpower management? What are the diff procedures of health manpower need assessment? Compute the requirement of health manpower for a district of 20 lakh population by applying any of the procedures.
2011
1) Health manpower planning is of immense importance in the health services. Give a concrete plan of components of health manpower development which will be of use in the coming decade in India. AFMC 322.
2009
1) Define planning. What are its elements? How would you plan a cataract camp at a rural health centre? AFMC 343, PARK 771.
2) Enumerate various methods of evaluations. How will you evaluate the functioning of ASHAs under NRHM? SA 672, PARK 784, PARK 381.
3) What do you understand by motivation? How is it helpful in achieving organizational goals? SA 35.
2008
1) What is health planning? Discuss the planning cycle for delivery of health services. AFMC 343, PARK 771.
2) Discuss the components & significance of Health Management Information System. PARK 742.
2007
1) What is Health service research? What are the different types of Health service research? What is the difference between Health service research & Health system research? SA 741. PARK 31.
2005
1) What do you understand by medical audit? How does medical audit help in planning & management of hospital services? Discuss.
2) What are the dimensions of Quality in health care? Discuss the planning of Quality assurance of health care service. AFMC 383.
2004
1) What is evaluation? How will you evaluate The National Programme for Control of HIV/AIDS?
2) What is Inventory control? Mention the suggested guidelines for Inventory control for RCH programme in a SC area. AFMC 335.
3) What is Health system? What is the meaning of System analysis? What are the epidemiological principles & procedures applicable for Health System analysis? Give examples.
2002
1) What is the meaning of Health Management? Explain the measures necessary for improvement of health manpower utilization in our country. SA 647.
2) What is health policy research? Identify the policies involved in Primary Health Care approach. Mention the parameters of evaluation of these policies. SA 68.
3) What are the different aspects of health programme evaluation? Discuss a plan of action for evaluation of Malaria control programme in India.
2001
1) Prepare a plan for system analysis of in-patient services of a hospital.
2000
1) What is Health system research? Discuss different types of Health system research with examples.
2) Discuss a framework for public policy advocacy in health sector.
1999
1) Evaluation is a key word to measure the success/failure of any health programme---discuss.
1998
1) What is Health service research? Describe with examples different epidemiological methods applicable for Health service research.
2) Write in brief the merits & limitations of routine Health Management Information System. Suggest measures for its improvement.
1997
1) Evaluation as a tool of Modern Management---correlate the above with an example.
1996
1) Explain with examples the epidemiological principles & approaches applicable for planning & organization of health services.
2) Discuss the steps in Health Planning & correlate them with the implementation of Health Care Delivery System in a fast developing semi-urban area.
1994
1) Elucidate with examples the methods & techniques applicable to the practice of economics in health sector. SA 54.
2) Discuss the issues related to Health manpower planning to meet the health care need of the country.
1993
1) What is Budgeting? What are the factors involved in setting up a budget for STD control programme in your area with a population of 5000. AFMC 328.
2) What do you mean by planning? Discuss the processes involved for planning a programme to control & prevent a communicable disease in your district.
SHORT NOTES
2013
1) Work sampling.
2) Limits & concerns about PPP model.
3) Explain with examples cost effectiveness & cost efficiency of a program.
4) What are the challenges of material management in hospitals?
5) Criteria for selection of essential drugs.
6) Benefit to cost ratio should be more than unity for planning any health intervention.
2012
1) Stages of medical audit.
2) System analysis.
3) Health system research.
4) Principles & significance of health economics in health care delivery.
5) Motivation.
6) Social marketing.
2011
1) Health service coverage evaluation.
2) Drug policy in a hospital.
3) PPP.
4) Hospital patient relationship.
5) Quality management & assurance.
6) Patient communication deserves better attention. PARK 604.
2010
1) Health manpower planning for CHCs in WB.
2) Combination of ABC & VED analysis.
3) Queing theory.
4) Quality assurance of a teaching hospital.
5) Public health informatics.
2009
1) Medical audit.
2) What are components of health manpower development? Comment on current status of each of the component.
3) Operational research.
4) Inventory control.
5) What is health economics? How does it differ from Health investment?
6) Quality assurance.
7) Opportunity cost. AFMC 327.
8) Decentralization of health care.
9) Cost benefit, cost effectiveness & cost efficiency analysis.
10) Public private partnership in health care.
11) Development of Essential drug list for a state. PARK 393.
12) Health service researches.
2008
1) How will you evaluate the effects of IEC programme on HIV/AIDS prevention?
2) Inventory control.
2007
1) What are the components of health manpower development? Explain with examples.
2) Quality assurance of health care delivery system.
3) Management by objectives.
4) Public private partnership.
2005
1) Health economics.
2002
1) What is MBO? What are its steps? AFMC 339.
2) What are the characteristics of health financing of our country? SA 673.
2001
1) Simulation model.
2000
1) Methods of inventory control.
1999
1) Leadership. SA 34.
2) Planning cycle.
1998
1) Simulation theory.
1997
1) Cost-effectivity.
2) Health Management Information System.
3) Medical audit.
4) Planning cycle.
1996
1) Cost benefit & cost effectiveness.
1994
1) 5 yr plan. PARK 778.
1993
1) Supervision. SA 666.
2) Personnel management.
3) Network analysis. AFMC 338.
internet
Tuesday morning after the long
night shift, I came down from the CB-TOP OT to get in some morning air and the
cool sunlight. It was refreshing and I was dead tired.
I was thirsty for the early morning
dose of tea and so crossed the road and bought myself a cup of Garam Cha from the tea shop.
The tea was not very refreshing
though, but after the long night posting it felt good. Sipping the tea I took a
walk on the empty pavement with a few people strolling around.
A few steps ahead I saw an empty
bench and took my seat enjoying the cool morning breeze. There was a man
peeling off sugarcanes to keep ready the stems for drawing juices out and selling
to the passing by customers. He had his machine ready for the purpose.
As I watched him get busy with his
job, two teenagers passed me by busily talking among themselves. I couldn’t
help but overhear them. One was telling the other in a disturbed tone, ‘ You
know what happened? My internet pack got empty and I was out of
the internet for one whole day!’. And the other guy responded with a gesture of
limitless surprise asking, ‘what? That can’t be true!’.
‘Yes it is’, responded the guy, ‘
it was like Fu**…’ and they passed by…
Little Talks
A song has been defined as a short poem or other set of words set to music or meant to be sung (oxforddictionaries.com).
A good song often reduces stress, helps in relaxation and above
all, soothes the heart. And sometimes we come across some numbers which
actually draw a mark on your heart and it stays in there for a long time.
Recently I came across one such song and so decided to share
it here.
The song is titled ‘Little
Talks’. When the 1st time I heard the number, I was swept by the
upbeat tempo, the tooting horns and the beautiful harmonies. But after a few
more times with the song, I realized there was something more to it than just
the music and the rhythm.
As I went through the lyrics, I realized that the song
incorporates a more thoughtful darker but deeper meaning.
It is basically a love song but dealing with the down side of
life towards the end of togetherness. It tells the story of a couple who have
survived life’s trials and reached an old age together.
They are older now and the female companion is succumbing to
her age with some mental affliction (may be schizophrenia or depression).
Both of them are struggling with the woman losing her grasp
on reality and the knowledge that one way or another they will soon be
completely separated.
One of the main lines of the song “Though the Truth may vary, this ship will carry our bodies safe to
shore” tells that even though she sees the world differently from what it
is seen by her husband, ultimately they will both end up in the same place.
One day they will both be on the other side and again will be
together the way they used to be.
The man tries to comfort her; soothe her. He tells her about
their life together; about how their
house is not a scary place and that outside is where they used to play and
not a place to be buried.
He is struggling to bring her back and yet he realizes that
he cannot win.
And so he keeps telling repeatedly, ‘Though the Truth may vary, this ship will carry our bodies safe to
shore’.
It is a very heartfelt song with beautiful music.
Here is the lyric (azlyrics.com):
Hey! Hey! Hey!
I don't like walking around this old and empty house
So hold my hand, I'll walk with you, my dearThe stairs creak as you sleep, it's keeping me awake
It's the house telling you to close your eyes
And some days I can't even trust myself
It's killing me to see you this way
'Cause though the truth may vary
This ship will carry our bodies safe to shore
Hey! Hey! Hey!
There's an old voice in my head that's holding me back
Well tell her that I miss our little talks
Soon it will be over and buried with our past
We used to play outside when we were young
And full of life and full of love.
Some days I don't know if I am wrong or right
Your mind is playing tricks on you, my dear
'Cause though the truth may vary
This ship will carry our bodies safe to shore
Hey!
Don't listen to a word I say
Hey!
The screams all sound the same
Hey!
Though the truth may vary
This ship will carry our bodies safe to shore
Hey!
Hey!
You're gone, gone, gone away
I watched you disappear
All that's left is the ghost of you.
Now we're torn, torn, torn apart,
There's nothing we can do
Just let me go we'll meet again soon
Now wait, wait, wait for me
Please hang around
I'll see you when I fall asleep
Hey!
Don't listen to a word I say
Hey!
The screams all sound the same
Hey!
Though the truth may vary
This ship will carry our bodies safe to shore
Don't listen to a word I say
Hey!
The screams all sound the same
Hey!
Though the truth may vary
This ship will carry our bodies safe to shore
Though the truth may vary
This ship will carry our bodies safe to shore
Though the truth may vary
This ship will carry our bodies safe to shore
I don't like walking around this old and empty house
So hold my hand, I'll walk with you, my dearThe stairs creak as you sleep, it's keeping me awake
It's the house telling you to close your eyes
And some days I can't even trust myself
It's killing me to see you this way
'Cause though the truth may vary
This ship will carry our bodies safe to shore
Hey! Hey! Hey!
There's an old voice in my head that's holding me back
Well tell her that I miss our little talks
Soon it will be over and buried with our past
We used to play outside when we were young
And full of life and full of love.
Some days I don't know if I am wrong or right
Your mind is playing tricks on you, my dear
'Cause though the truth may vary
This ship will carry our bodies safe to shore
Hey!
Don't listen to a word I say
Hey!
The screams all sound the same
Hey!
Though the truth may vary
This ship will carry our bodies safe to shore
Hey!
Hey!
You're gone, gone, gone away
I watched you disappear
All that's left is the ghost of you.
Now we're torn, torn, torn apart,
There's nothing we can do
Just let me go we'll meet again soon
Now wait, wait, wait for me
Please hang around
I'll see you when I fall asleep
Hey!
Don't listen to a word I say
Hey!
The screams all sound the same
Hey!
Though the truth may vary
This ship will carry our bodies safe to shore
Don't listen to a word I say
Hey!
The screams all sound the same
Hey!
Though the truth may vary
This ship will carry our bodies safe to shore
Though the truth may vary
This ship will carry our bodies safe to shore
Though the truth may vary
This ship will carry our bodies safe to shore
..................
A little search on Wikipedia revealed that the song is by a six-member, English
language indie folk-pop band from Iceland who call themselves ‘Of
Monsters and Men’.
The music video has a darker feel to coincide with the lyrics.
The heroes in the video pass through many obstacles during their journey
together but, whatever they go through, the ship does eventually carry them safely
to the shore where they all can be together…
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